What is MPLS in networking?

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MPLS labels are used to identify both the traffic engineering information and forwarding instructions for each packet, allowing it to be quickly identified at every hop along its path. This results in faster lookups than traditional routing methods, reducing the latency and improving network performance for applications that require real-time response or high throughput.

MPLS can be used with various protocols including Layer 2 Transport Protocol (L2TP), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and most commonly, the Internet Protocol (IP). It is often used in Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) to provide secure connectivity between remote sites over a public network and for building large-scale, scalable core networks.